The course covers the structure and function of genes; structure of DNA (A, B, and Z DNA); methods for sequencing DNA; DNA and chromosome structure; characteristics of eukaryote genomes; modification and processing of RNA; reverse transcription; retroviruses and the basic concepts in nucleic acid metabolism. The course also covers the handling and processing of recombinant DNA; laboratory methods demonstrating concepts and techniques in recombinant DNA and genetic modification of organisms. Application of recombinant DNA technology in medicine, food, pharmaceutical, agricultural, waste management and mining industries will be discussed.