The course examines European society during the period that is historically referred to as the Age of Enlightenment. It explores the new ideas and thoughts that some individuals expounded which challenged traditional beliefs and practices in Europe at the time. The course further examines the major conflicts which arose out of overseas commercial rivalries, including the dynastic issues and the struggle for political hegemony. It also studies the internal conditions in France which led to the French revolution of 1789. The insights gained from this course enables students to understand the underlying political, economic, cultural, and social ideas in Europe as Europeans made contact with Africans in subsequent centuries. These insights enable students to appreciate the influence of these ideas on European exchanges with Africa.