Students will be introduced Intro to semiconductors, crystalline lattices, material growth, polarization, optical waveguides and fibre. Electro-optic effect, magneto-optic effect, acousto-optic effect, optical modulators, lasers and light emitting diodes, Energy bands and charge carriers in solids, semiconductor doping, carrier Superfme Structure, High resolution Laser Spectroscopy of atoms in absorption and scattering.  Multiphoton processes, resonant interaction of light with atoms and molecules.  Velocity and Time-resolved spectroscopy, Spectrophotometer, Opt galvanic Spectroscopy.