This course is intended to expose students to the need for photovoltaic energy conversion, Basic characteristics of sunlight, interaction of light with solar cell, absorption, reflection, separation and collection of carriers, Basic equation of semiconductor device physics, P-N junction diodes, Efficiency limits, losses efficiency-limiting factors and measurements, standard silicon solar cell technology, Hetero junction structures, characterization and testing of solar cells and modules, photovoltaic module operations, Photovoltaic systems. Evaporation, sputtering and other techniques, Bonding, Hardness, Thickness, Uniformity, Composition, Electrical and Optical properties, Applications, semiconductor physics and biological fields.