The course provides students with the understanding in xenobiotic metabolism with emphasis on factors that affect xenobiotic metabolism: chemical reactivity, uptake, distribution, activation, conjugation, and excretion of xenobiotics. Metabolic enzymes: cytochrome P-450, microsomal flavin-containing monooxygenases, prostaglandin synthetase, reduction enzymes, epoxide hydrolase and conjugating enzymes are treated. Their role in metabolic activation of carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, teratogenesis, pulmonary, hepatic and renal disease will be examined.