Students are introduced to the structure, formation and processes of estuaries and lagoons. The physical, chemical and biotic aspects of these brackishwater bodies are discussed. The course examines the role of estuaries and lagoons in fisheries. Also to be studied are the biology of selected (edible) brackishwater organisms as well as ecology of mangrove ecosystems.
This course examines the ecological processes and communities on seashores. The different types of seashores will be discussed in terms of their general characteristics; and distribution on the coast of Ghana. Emphasis will be placed on adaptations as well as the physical, chemical and biological factors that influence distribution of organisms on the seashore. Plant and animal communities on sandy and rocky beaches will be examined. Practical activities will include sampling, identification and population analysis of the flora and fauna of selected beaches.
This course introduces students to the basic concepts and practices of Coastal Zone Management (ICZM). The topics covered include: introduction to ICZM; coastal ecosystems (e.g., mangrove swamps, coral reefs, sea grass beds, estuaries, lagoons, sandy & rocky shores, sand dunes and coastal savannah); natural coastal processes (e.g. geological processes, tides, waves tsunamis, currents, runoffs/floods, hurricanes and sediment transport/longshore drifts); and uses and opportunities of the coastal zone. Traditional methods of management as well as sector versus integrated approaches for managing the coastal zone are discussed.
This course focuses on terrestrial and aquatic habitats for organisms. For terrestrial habitats, the major biomes (e.g. tropical rain forests, taiga, savannah, desert) will be discussed in relation to the influence of major environmental factors. Community development discussions will focus on concepts such as succession, climax, species diversity and productivity. The course also looks at major aquatic communities (i.e. neuston, plankton, nekton and benthos), environmental factors and their roles in aquatic ecosystems, and the ecological classification of aquatic organisms.
Students are introduced to the marine ecosystem the physical, chemical and geomorphological characteristics of the ocean. The roles of physical and chemical factors on marine life are discussed, and the students exposed to the techniques of measuring these factors. The mechanisms and significance of coastal upwelling and the El Nino phenomenon are also examined.
The course examines the morphology and anatomy of fish. Students are introduced to morphometry, identification and taxonomy of fishes. Respiration; fish nutrition, locomotion; reproduction; early development and hatching and migration of fishes are discussed.
The course exposes students to definitions, history, purposes and the relationships of limnology with other disciplines. It discusses water and environment; features of inland water ecosystems (lotic and lentic systems) and freshwater biotic communities. It also examines impoundments (purposes, consequences, etc.), sustainable management of impounded water systems and pollution of freshwater systems will also be discussed.
This course introduces students to the basic anatomy and fundamental mechanisms involved in mammalian physiological functions. It includes a study of the structure and function of the organ systems involved in digestion, transport, respiration, co-ordination, excretion, reproduction, support and locomotion. Principles of homeostasis will be emphasized.
This course reviews the taxonomy, functional anatomy and biology of the protochordates, cyclostomes, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. It also reviews the origins of chordates and their evolutionary history and provides a survey of embryonic development in the chordates. The course involves extensive practical work in which live and preserved animals will be used for illustrations.
The first part of the course reviews the diversity of micro-organisms including Viruses Bacteria, Fungi and Protozoa. Their importance in nature and effects on man will be emphasized. The course discusses the uses of microbes – both beneficial and adverse. The second part of the course examines heterospecific associations with special emphasis on parasitism. The life cycles and control measures against some common parasites will be discussed e.g. Plasmodium, Trypanosoma, Schistosoma, Fasciola, Ascaris, Onchocerca and Dracunculus.