Almost all reactions that concern chemists take place in solutions rather than in gaseous or solid phases. The course hence aims at exposing students to solutions of reacting molecules in liquids. It offers students an understanding of a variety of physico-chemical phenomena and ease of handling and rapidity of mixing different substances. Students will also be exposed to polyprotic acids, second and third dissociation constants, colligative properties, and predominant species as a function of pH. This course focuses on providing students with an understanding of the various solution properties and explanation of variety of physicochemical phenomena. Special emphasis will be placed on the properties of solutes and solvents, thermodynamics of electrolytes, kinetics and transport properties. The course covers aspects of colligative properties, reactions in solutions, advance buffer calculations, formation constant expression for complexes and polyprotics, titration and titration curves, and equilibria in redox and non-aqueous systems.

This course is meant to initiate the students to three of the important themes in physics; The atomic physics section introduces the student to the study of the structure of the atom as an isolated system of electrons and a nucleus, its energy states and interactions with other particles and with electric and magnetic fields. The heat aspect is structured to be introduced as a form of internal energy associated with the random motion of the molecular constituents of matter or with radiation.  The optics is designed to initiate the student to that branch of physics which involves the behaviour and properties of light including its interactions with matter. It considers the generation, propagation and detection of electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths greater than x-rays and shorter than microwaves.